Integración teoría-práctica: diseño didáctico para la enseñanza de la eficiencia energética

Abstract

In this research, a didactic design for teaching energy efficiency through Electrical Circuits courses is presented, aiming to link theory with practice using virtual environments and technological tools. The proposal implemented at the Technological University of Havana (CUJAE) seeks to improve the teaching-learning process and develop professional skills in students. It focuses on the study of power, energy, and power factor in three-phase circuits, topics that are traditionally taught theoretically in ideal circuits. A mixed methodology was applied, combining theoretical and empirical methods, which allowed for the definition of methodological guidelines for designing virtual laboratory practices, in addition to using simulation as a method through an application developed in Scilab for load arrangement in industrial systems. The proposal was carried out over three academic courses with a total of 190 students. Methodological meetings were also held to define theoretical-practical exercises and methodological orientations for their execution. Among the main conclusions, it can be mentioned that the proposed didactic design proved effective in improving the teaching-learning process of electrical circuits, linking theory with practice by integrating ICT into the organizational forms of the teaching-learning process. The simulation in Scilab and the problem-based approach fostered active, collaborative, and professionalized learning, preparing students to face real cases in the context of energy efficiency