La competencia literaria y su relación con las competencias profesionales

Literary competence and its relationship with professional skills in the pedagogical professional training

Resumen

En la Universidad de Ciencias Pedagógicas Enrique José Varona, la formación de profesores de Español-Literatura requiere de competencias profesionales, destacándose la competencia literaria, como una capacidad para analizar textos literarios mediante conocimientos, habilidades, valores y actitudes. El objetivo es fundamentar la competencia literaria en la formación del profesional de Español-Literatura. Se ha podido constatar que existen dificultades en su desarrollo, como insuficiencias en el dominio teórico del hecho literario y enfoques metodológicos. La competencia literaria se vincula con dimensiones como el saber conocer, saber hacer, saber ser y saber actuar. Estudios enfatizan su relación con la competencia comunicativa, al considerar el lenguaje como eje transversal. Desempeña un papel en la formación integral del profesor pues fomenta la lectura crítica, la interpretación de mensajes culturales y la promoción de valores. La competencia literaria es inherente a las competencias profesionales del profesor, pues permite una enseñanza contextualizada, crítica y creativa de la literatura, trascendiendo el formalismo academicista. Su desarrollo fortalece capacidades para formar lectores competentes para la enseñanza de la literatura, consolidando un perfil profesor integral y adaptado a las demandas sociales actuales.

Abstract:

At the Enrique José Varona University of Pedagogical Sciences, the training of Spanish-Literature teachers requires professional competencies, with literary competence standing out. This is defined as the ability to analyze literary texts through knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes. The goal is to determine the literary competence in the training of the Spanish-Literature professional. It has been observed that, there are difficulties in its development, such as deficiencies in the theoretical understanding of literary phenomena and methodological approaches. Literary competence is linked to dimensions such as knowing, knowing how to do, knowing how to be, and knowing how to act. Studies emphasize its connection to communicative competence, considering language as a cross-cutting axis. It plays a role in the teacher's comprehensive training by promoting critical reading, the interpretation of cultural messages, and the promotion of values. Literary competence is inherent to the teacher's professional competencies, as it enables a contextualized, critical, and creative teaching of literature, transcending academic formalism. Its development strengthens the ability to train competent readers for the teaching of literature, consolidating a comprehensive teaching profile adapted to current social demands.

Keywords: literary competence; professional competence; spanish literature